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2009 ICU
Santiago, Chile
Abstract Submission
ICU Proceedings and Further Publications
Hotel Arrangements: Special Rates
Tourist and Useful Information
Plenary Lectures
Plenary Lectures will take place in the Aula Magna of the University of Santiago de Chile, on Monday, January 12th, 2009. Plenary Lectures are open to all participants.
•14:15 – 15:30
Ultrasound Therapy: New Trends and Future Applications
Professor Lawrence A. Crum
Dr. Lawrence A. Crum is currently Principal Physicist and Founder/Former Director of the Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound in the Applied Physics Laboratory, and Research Professor of Bioengineering and Electrical Engineering at the University of Washington. He also works part-time as President of UltraSound Technologies, Inc., a company he founded in 2001. He has held previous positions at HarvardUniversity, the U. S. Naval Academy and the University of Mississippi, where he was F. A. P. Barnard Distinguished Professor of Physics and Director of the NationalCenter for Physical Acoustics. He has published over 300 articles in professional journals, holds an honorary doctorate from the Universite Libre de Bruxelles, and was recently awarded the Helmholtz-Rayleigh Silver Medal of the Acoustical Society of America. He is Past President of the Acoustical Society of America and of the Board of the International Commission for Acoustics. His principal areas of interest are therapeutic ultrasound, physical acoustics, and image-guided therapy.
•15:30 – 16:00 COFFEE BREAK
•16:00 – 17:15
Teaching medical imaging: Seeing biological tissue with ultrasound, MRI, CT and your eyes
Prof. Dr. Jens Wilhjelm
Jens E. Wilhjelm has been appointed professor for his effort in connection with the establishment of the Medicine and Technology programme and for his great effort in connection with the development of courses in cooperation with LearningLab DTU. DTU appointed Jens E. Wilhjelm professor (MSO) for a period of three years as from 1 August 2008. Jens E. Wilhjelm is one of the co-founders of the MSc programme in Medicine and Technology, and he is the director of study of this programme. Apart from the Medicine and Technology programme, Jens E. Wilhjelm has specialised in experimental courses, especially active learning processes, in cooperation with LearningLab DTU and others. An example of one of Jens E. Wilhjelm’s courses is Introduction to medical imaging. Jens E. Wilhjelm conducts research in imaging of pathological tissue changes such as arteriosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis may develop into atherosclerosis that may lead to thrombosis in the cardio-vascular system (heart attach, stroke, deep vein thrombosis etc). Furthermore, Jens E. Wilhjelm conducts research in injuries to the heel pad. Jens E. Wilhjelm has a PhD degree in biomedical engineering from Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Massachusetts, USA. He has been employed at DTU since 1991, and he was appointed associate professor in 1997.
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Plenary Lectures, also, will take place in the Aula Magna of the University of Santiago de Chile, on Wednesday, January 14th, 2009. Plenary Lectures are open to all participants without previous registrions.
•14:15– 15:30
High-power ultrasonic processing: recent developments and prospective advances
Professor. Juan A. Gallego Juárez
Juan A. Gallego-Juárez, is a Research Professor at the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) where he founded the group of Ultrasonics and is Former Director of the Institute of Acoustics and of the Center for Physics Technologies. His research work has always been related to ultrasonics, particularly high-power ultrasonics, transducers and applications. He is the author of over 200 publications and 40 patents and holds an honorary doctorate from the University of Santiago de Chile. He was a member of the Board of the International Commission on Acoustics and Chairman of the 19th International Congress on Acoustics. He is a member of the Steering Committee of the World Congress on Ultrasound and of the Board of the Spanish Acoustical Society. He is a Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America and of the British Institute of Acoustics. He is Associate Editor for Ultrasonics of the European Journal Acta Acustica/Acustica.
•15:30 – 16:00 COFFEE BREAK
•16:00 – 17:15
Ultrasonic sound velocity measurements under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature: Why and how?
Professor. Frédéric Decremps
Frédéric Decremps. Assistant Professor, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6. Obtained his Master in Physical acoustic in 1995 and his PhD in 1998. His principal center of interest concerns the elastic properties of matter under high pressure. He was first involved in the study of ionic layered compounds of the Matlockite family. Using Raman scattering, Brillouin scattering and X-ray diffraction, he was able to propose a mechanism to explain the destabilization of these compounds at high pressure.He builds a research group on elastic properties at high density, mainly using ultrasonics set-up in large volume press of the Paris Edinburgh type. The goal was to observe the structural stability of matter from the elastic point of view. He studied in particular spin transitions in Invar alloys, transition mechanism in II-VI or III-V semiconductors, or the approach of amorphization in ice and quartz.He recently succeeds in the use of picosecond acoustic in diamond anvil cells at very high pressure. He is author of about 30 papers in first rank journals and 10 invited papers in International conferences.
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The Plenary outline:
Professor J. A. Gallego-Juárez. Although the application of ultrasonic energy to produce or to enhance a wide variety of processes have been explored since about the middle of the 20th century, only a reduced number of ultrasonic processes have been established at industrial level. However, during the last ten years the interest in ultrasonic processing has revived particularly in industrial sectors where the ultrasonic technology may represent a clean and efficient tool to improve classical existing processes or an innovation alternative for the development of new processes. Such seems to be the case of relevant sectors such as food industry, environment, pharmaceuticals and chemicals manufacture, machinery, mining, etc where power ultrasound is becoming an emerging technology for process development. The possible major problem in the application of high-intensity ultrasound on industrial processing is the designand development of efficient power ultrasonic systems (generators and reactors) capable of large scale successful operation specifically adapted to each individual process. In the area of ultrasonic processing in fluid media and more specifically in gases, the development of the stepped-plate power generators has strongly contributed to the implementation at semi-industrial and industrial stage of several commercial applications, in sectors such as food and beverage industry (defoaming, drying, extraction, etc), environment (smokeabatement, sludge filtration, etc...), machinery and process for manufacturing (textile washing, paint manufacture, etc), etc. The development of different cavitational reactors for liquid treatment in continuous flow is helping to introduce into industry the wide potential of the area of sonochemistry. Processes such as water and effluent treatment, crystallization, soilremediation, etc have been already implemented at semi-industrial and/or industrial stage. Other single advances in sectors like mining or energy have also to be mentioned. The objective of this presentation is to review recent developments in ultrasonic processing to show the present situation and the prospective progresses of high-power ultrasonics as an innovative technology in many industrial sectors.
Dr. Lawrence Crum. Ultrasound Therapy: New Trends and Future Applications. Ultrasound has become one of the most widely used imaging modalities in medicine; yet, before ultrasound-imaging systems became available, high intensity ultrasound was used to ablate regions in the brains of human patients. Recently, a variety of novel applications of ultrasound has been developed that include site-specific and ultrasound-mediated drug delivery, acoustocautery, lipoplasty, histotripsy, tissue regeneration, ultrasound-triggered auto-immune response, and bloodless surgery, among many others. This lecture will review several new applications of therapeutic ultrasound and address some of the basic scientific questions and future challenges in developing these methods and technologies for general use in our society. We shall particularly emphasize the use of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) in the treatment of benign and malignant tumors.
Jens E. Wilhjelm. Teaching Medical Imaging: Seeing Biological Tissue with Ultrasound, MRI, CT and Your Eyes. The research field of medical imaging, and thereby also ultrasonic imaging, relies - as all research fields - on new researchers entering the playground. This requires continuous exposure of the field as well as academic training. In these contexts, we have in the past five years conducted a course in medical imaging within the framework of the education Medicine and Technology, a joint biomedical engineering education between the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen and the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). The DTU course Introduction to medical imaging introduces ultrasound, CT, MRI, PET and planar X-ray to the students through lectures, interactive demonstration programs as well as project work involving hands-on imaging of phantoms with subsequent image processing and analysis. Within the latter, teams of students are given a phantom with unknown tissue and this is then scanned with the techniques taught in the course (at hospitals and at DTU). All scannings are conducted with clinical equipment and performed in 3D including ultrasound which is recorded by automatically moving the transducer across the phantom in a water tank. The phantoms consist of formalin fixed animal tissue embedded in agar with fiducial markers for image alignment. The images are then analyzed by the students so that they can compare the same scan plane with all techniques. The tissue is then attempted identified, but in order to do that, the students need to understand the physical principles of the imaging techniques. Later, the tissue is sliced and photographed (with a flat bed scanner) in order to provide a golden standard. This talk will shortly introduce the components of the course followed by a short outline of the physical principles of the imaging techniques, partly with interactive demonstration programs. Examples of comparative images - from the same scan plane - are then given for various kinds of animal organs and tissues as well as string phantoms. This gives the opportunity to study and compare differences in contrast, point spread function and the like for all the techniques. Results of the course show high increase in competences as judged from graded reports, low course dropout rate, high pass-rate at the exam, high student participation and large student satisfaction.
F. Decremps. Ultrasonic sound velocity measurements under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature: Why and how? The lecture will focus on the study of sound velocity (and attenuation) in solids and liquids under extreme conditions, and the development of experimental methods during the last ten years. From a fundamental viewpoint, it is known that (i) pressure is one of the most useful thermodynamical parameters to tune physical properties, and (ii) sound velocity values are very sensitive to subtle changes in local or long-range order (as well as electronic properties) of matter. The determination of acoustic properties of solids and liquids under pressure is thus a powerful method for application in areas ranging from fundamental problems in physics of solid and liquid state, in Earth and planetary science, and other scientific fields as chemistry or material research. Few examples of very recent experimental works will be given to illustrate the pertinence of this type of measurements in various fields: (Physics-Chemistry) What can we learn about the origin of Invar effect (no thermal dilation in some alloys) through acoustical measurements at high pressure (Earth Sciences) What is inside the Earth? What are the dynamics? We will focus this presentation to the actual debate on the composition of the Earth$B!G(Bs core through the comparison of seismic and laboratory sound velocity data as a function of high pressure. Acoustic measurements at Mbar pressure (million of atmospheres) in iron compounds with elements expected to enter in the composition of the Earth$B!G(Bs core (sulphur, oxygen, and silicon) will be discussed. (Applied Sciences) What is the mechanical stability of solids under severe deformations? Can we determine the strain variation of the piezoelectric properties of material? These topics will be considered through the example of the elastic moduli CIJ(P) determination in $B&A(B-Quartz and Langatate. Finally, one has to point out that, for many years, the study of most of these fundamental problems has been hindered by technical constraints of carrying out elastic measurements under extreme thermodynamic conditions. In order to enable such measurements, recent efforts have led to the successfully implementation of new and original set-ups that allow sound velocity and its attenuation investigation of all materials (opaque, transparent, single- or polycrystal, nanomaterials, or liquids) up to several Mbar and thousands of K. Technical details on the high pressure and high temperature apparatus (large volume press, diamond anvils cell) which can be combined with different type of acoustics methods (ultrasonic interferometry, inelastic light scattering, and picoseconds acoustics) will be presented.
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